労働科学のバックナンバー
2008/02/10発売号 (84巻1号)

出版社：労働科学研究所
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■労働科学の目次

瀬尾明彦，鳥居克紘，土井幸輝
チームリフティングにおける筋骨格系負担
－作業姿勢と足場の高さの違いが作業負荷に与える影響－
労働科学，84（1），６～15，（2008）

　本研究は、2人でのチームリフティングにおいて、2人の荷物保持姿勢や足場の高さなどの
作業条件が作業者の筋骨格系に及ぼす影響を調べた。
その結果、直立での保持に比べるとしゃがみの保持では腰部負担が高くなることがわかった。
また、自分が直立であっても相手がしゃがみ姿勢をとったり相手と足場の高さが異なったりすると、
体幹の前傾は大きくなり、操作力も高くて互いに押し合う方向に変移していた。
そのため、同じ姿勢で足場の高さに差がない条件に比べると、腰部および上肢の負担が高く、
荷物の持ちやすさも低下することが明らかになった。
キーワード : 荷物取り扱い作業；チームリフティング；作業姿勢；筋骨格系負担；腰部椎間板圧縮力

Akihiko SEO，Katsuhiro TORII， Kouki DOI
Musculoskeletal Workload During Materials Handling Performed by Team Lifting:
Effects of Working Posture and Standing Height on the Workload
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，84（1），６～15，（2008）

Team lifting is performed when heavy materials handle in limited work spaces and assistive devices.
In this study, the effects of differences in working postures and standing height between two lifting members
on musculoskeletal workload were investigated. Ten healthy male subjects performed two-person team lifting
with a 30 kg box. The working postures of the two lifting members included a “both standing”, a “both squatting”,
and a “pair of standing and squatting”. The differences in standing height between the two lifting members
were 0 cm, ±20 cm and ±37.5 cm. The effect of standing height was studied only in the “both standing” condition.
Working posture, floor reaction force, electromyogram (EMG), and subjective complaints during box holding were recorded.
The hand force was estimated by the floor reaction force. The back compression force and joint torque were estimated
by 2-dimensional static biomechanical analysis. The results showed that the back compression force
and the EMGs of the trapezius and the low back muscles in the “both squatting” were higher than
that in the “both standing” posture. In the “pair of standing and squatting” posture, the hand force of
the squatting side member was larger than that of standing side member. The back compression force
was also larger in the squatting posture than in the standing posture. When the standing height was the same,
the subjects held the box by pulling each other. When the standing height was different,
the subjects held the box by pushing each other, and the hand force of high-side member was larger than
that of the low-side member. The back compression forces in both high- and low-side members were higher than
that in the same standing height.
Key Words: Manual materials handling；Team lifting；Working posture；Musculoskeletal load；Back compression force

福原　驍，金原清之，辻　克彦
ブース式フード内の流れ―作業者および作業台が流れに及ぼす影響―
労働科学，84（1），16～24，（2008）

近年、吹出し側に送風機を用いない密閉式プッシュプル型換気装置が局所排気装置と同様に
有効な換気装置として認められた。しかし、排風機のみを使用する水平流による密閉式プッシュプル型換気装置の内部は
局所排気装置であるブース式フードと同様である。
したがって、従来ブース式フードで指摘されている問題点は送風機を用いない水平流による密閉式プッシュプル型換気装置
についても言えるだろう。
今回はブース式フードにおいてブース内に作業者が立ち入った場合、さらに作業台が置かれた場合について、
吸込み側開口部の大きさが作業者の呼吸域近傍の流れにどのような影響を及ぼすかについて数値シミュレーションによって検討し、
排風機のみの水平流による密閉式プッシュプル型換気装置についても考察を行った。
キーワード：ブース式フード；局所排気装置；プッシュプル型換気装置；呼吸域；数値シミュレーション

Isamu FUKUHARA, Kiyoyuki KANEHARA ，Katsuhiko TSUJI
Flow in Booth-Type Hoods: Influence of a Worker and A Worktable on the Flow
Flow In Booth Type Hoods－Influence of Worker and Worktable on Flow－
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，84（1），16～24，（2008）

Recently, a push-pull type ventilation system not using a supply-side fan has been recognized as an effective
ventilation system and as a local exhaust system. however, the inside of a push-pull-type ventilation system
using only an exhaust fan to generate horizontal airflow is the same as the inside of a booth-type hood functioning
as a local exhaust system.
Therefore, as regards a push-pull-type ventilation system relying on horizontal flow without a supply fan,
there would remain the same problems pointed out with respect to a usual booth-type hood. In this paper,
the influence of suction-side opening sizes on the flow in the neighborhood of a worker’s breathing zone was investigated
by numerical simulations in the cases when a worker entered a booth and when a worktable was additionally set in the booth.
Further, the influence of a push-pull-type ventilation system using only an exhaust fan for horizontal flow was discussed.
Key Words: Booth type hood; Local exhaust system; Push- pull ventilation system; Breathing zone; Numerical simulation

松元　俊，佐々木司，崎田マユミ，内藤堅志，青柳直子，高橋悦子，酒井一博
看護師が16時間夜勤時にとる仮眠がその後の疲労感と睡眠に及ぼす影響
労働科学，84（1），25～29，（2008）

　本研究は，看護師が16時間夜勤時にとる仮眠がその後の疲労感と睡眠に及ぼす影響を調べた。
記録なしを除く仮眠取得は100%であった。夜勤中に保障された2時間かそれ以上の仮眠取得群（≧120群）と，
2時間未満の仮眠取得群（＜120群）に分けて解析した。
その結果，群間では，夜勤開始から夜勤明けの夜眠後までの疲労感，昼眠と夜眠の睡眠時間，就床時刻に差はみられなかった。
また，両群とも夜勤後の昼眠取得は100%であったが，疲労感は夜眠後まで回復しなかった。
≧120群では＜120群より，夜勤中の忙しさが低く，休憩時間が長い傾向があった。
そのため，16時間夜勤での疲労回復には仮眠時間保障だけでなく負担軽減などの調整も必要であると考えられた。
キーワード：仮眠；16時間夜勤；看護師；疲労感；昼眠

Shun MATSUMOTO, Tsukasa SASAKI, Mayumi SAKITA, Kenshi NAITO, Naoko AOYAGI, Etsuko TAKAHASHI, Kazuhiro SAKAI
The Effects of the Naps Taken by Hospital Nurses in 16-hour NightShifts on their Subjective Fatigue Feelings and
Subsequent Sleeps
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，84（1），25～29，（2008）

　The effects of naps taken by hospital nurses during 16h nightshifts on subjective fatigue feelings and following
sleeps were studied. Twenty-two hospital nurses with the mean age of 29.1 completed sleep logs and reported
fatigue feelings and business at work by means of visual analog scales as well as resting periods during their shifts.
The results were compared between those who took a nap of 120 min or more guaranteed by the hospital and
those who took a nap of less than 120 min during a nightshift. The levels of fatigue feelings, day and night sleeps and
the start times of naps were not significantly different between the two groups. The group of nurses with a nap of
120 min or more reported lower levels of business at work and longer resting periods than those with a nap of less
than 120 min. Therefore, the two-hour nap was not considered enough to facilitate recovery from fatigue due to a
16h nightshift. These results pointed out the need to improve working conditions including arrangements about work
load during the long-hour nightshifts. The day sleep following the nightshift was short in both the groups, whereas the
fatigue from the nightshifts did not recover before the subsequent night sleep. Further studies were suggested
necessary to examine the influence on sleep of different daily life activities associated with gender differences.
Key Words: Night time nap；16h nightshifts；Hospital nurse；Subjective fatigue feelings； Day sleep