労働科学のバックナンバー
2008/09/20発売号 (84巻3号)
労働科学

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■労働科学の目次

鈴木安名
専属産業医の選任義務のない法人における人事担当者によるメンタルヘルス施策立案
労働科学，84(3), 75～88，(2008)

専属産業医の選任義務のない１部上場企業２社，１部上場企業の関連会社６社と1省庁の人事担当者を調査対象者として，メンタルヘルス施策を立案するために必要な条件を検討した。実際に施策立案がなされるように，行政の指針等にもとづいた講義と討論による教育実践を行い，施策立案にかかわる条件をヒアリング調査した。安全配慮義務の法的な認識と業務実態把握の方法に違いを認め，結果として立案された施策は数と内容に大きな差があった。専属産業医の選任義務のない法人で，人事担当者がメンタルヘルス対策を立案するためには，安全配慮義務が雇用契約における債務として理解され，適切な形で業務実態が把握される事が重要と考えられた。（図３，表５）（自抄）
キーワード：メンタルヘルス対策；人事担当者；嘱託産業医；安全配慮義務；産業教育

Yasuna SUZUKI
Planning of Mental Health Measures by Personnel Management Staff Members in Corporations Served by Part-Time Occupational Physicians
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，84(3), 75～88，(2008)

Procedures required for personnel management staff members in planning mental health measures for corporations served by part-time occupational physicians were investigated. Existing planning processes of mental health measures were studied in two publicly quoted companies, five affiliated companies and a ministry with a focus on roles of personnel management staff members. The discussion by these members following a lecture were referred to. Differences were noted among the workplaces studied in engaging part-time physicians in dealing appropriately with individual cases. The recognition of the corporate obligations for securing safety and health at work, provision of mental health care for employees in need, rehabilitation procedures and coordination with attending physicians were considered important. The particular roles of personnel managers in workplaces without full-time occupational physicians were emphasized. It was considered necessary to establish practical mental health support measures in these workplaces and train personnel managers about their planning.
Key words：Mental health care；Personnel management staff members；Part-time industrial physicians；Duty to care for safety；Industrial education


宮本直和，白土男女幸，濱田明美，飯 聡，西村由二三，仲井朝美，芳田哲也
包丁研ぎ動作の技術習得に関する筋電図学的考察
労働科学，84(3), 89～98，(2008)

未熟練者の技術習得過程おける包丁研ぎ動作の変化について，3次元動作解析や筋電図，および研ぎ上がった包丁の刃先形状を縦断的に測定して検討した。包丁研ぎの練習期間が進行すると一研ぎにおける動作時間が短く腰および膝の変位量が大きくなったが，動作の再現性は低かった。また尺側手根屈筋の筋活動が大きくなり，さらに包丁を押し出す際の拮抗筋である上腕二頭筋の活動は2日目，1週間目では見られたが3週間目では消失した。研ぎ上がった包丁の刃先形状は3週間後においてのみ凹凸形状になった。以上のごとく，技術習得過程における包丁研ぎ動作や筋活動は顕著に変化し，それらは刃先形状の凹凸形成に影響している可能性が示唆された。（図６）（自抄）
キーワード：刃；動作解析；形状評価；筋活動；トレーニング

Naokazu MIYAMOTO, Minayuki SHIRATO, Akemi HAMADA, Akira II, Yoshifumi NISHIMURA, Asami NAKAI, Tetsuya YOSHIDA
A kinematic and electromyographic study of skill acquisition for sharpening a Japanese kitchen knife
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，84(3), 89～98，(2008)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the process in which a beginner acquired skill for sharpening a Japanese kitchen knife during three weeks of training. The surface electromyograms (EMG) were recorded from: the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB) and deltoid posterior (DP) of both upper limbs, and body motion was captured by four digital video cameras during sharpening of a knife by a beginner. Furthermore, knife edge shapes were examined microscopically before and after sharpening. Measurements were performed immediately after the first training day (N1), the following day (N2) and one (N3) and three (N4) weeks later. The motion duration per each stroke of sharpening became shorter, while the reproducibility of the motion duration and motion range per each stroke declined in proportion to the duration of training. The trajectory length of the hip and knee during one stroke became longer. With regard to EMG, the activities of FCU during one stroke became larger and steadier. From N2 and onward the EMG activities of DP appeared during the pulling phase of sharpening motion and the amplitude of DP gradually increased during the training period. Additionally, the EMG activities of BB and TB, which were an antagonist and an agonist of the elbow extension, respectively, were observed during the pushing phase at N2 and N3, while the EMG of BB disappeared it N4. The roughness of edges at the front and central region sharpened by a beginner were greater at N4 than at N1, N2, and N3. These results suggest that the whole body motion and muscle activities of the upper limbs for sharpening a kitchen knife change during beginner training, and that those changes may relate to the increase in the roughness of knife edges.
Key words：Knife edge； Motion analysis； Shape evaluation；Muscle activity； Training

佐々木司，久保智英
時短勤務中に発症した“Karoh-Shogai”事例における時間外労働時間
労働科学，84(3), 99～104，(2008)

過労障害（脳出血）を呈した時短勤務中のホワイトカラー労働者の発症前時間外労働時間を検討した。時間外労働時間は発症3ヵ月前，またそれは休日に増大した。発症1ヵ月前の増大は，脳･心臓疾患の労災認定基準（2001）に踏襲した。一方，発症1週間前では増大は示されなかった。また本事例の発症は，基礎疾病としての高血圧，育児の過重負担，育児時間に挿入される時間外労働時間の増大が，三位一体のプロセスによるものと考えられた。本知見は，今後ワーク・ライフバランスの名の下に男性管理職の育児参加，育児中の女性労働者の管理職登用，さらには中高年労働者の介護の際に，時短勤務下であっても適切な労働時間管理の必要性を示唆するものである。 （表1） （自抄・英文）

Tsukasa SASAKI , Tomohide KUBO
Hours of Actual Overtime Worked in a Karoh-shogai Case Developing Despite Reduced Work Hours
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，84(3), 99～104，(2008)
In this paper, we studied working conditions, especially actual hours of overtime worked, for a white-collar worker for whom left putamen hemorrhaging (1 cc) was suffered on July 13, 2006.This allowed us to calculate hours of overtime worked over the six-month period leading up to the onset of the case, as specified in standards applicable to industrial accidents reported in 2001 involving cerebral and cardiac diseases.
As results, the total monthly hours of overtime worked in the three months preceding to the onset were 87.6, 43.8 and 85.8, respectively, rising above 100 to 135.0，135.2 and 141.1 hours from three months before the onset. The hours of overtime worked on the holidays for each of the three months was remarkably high, before the onset were 90.7，93.5 and 80.5 hours. The result was consistent with the standards defining industrial injuries involving cerebral and cardiac diseases adopted in 2001, which state that hours of overtime worked generally should have increased in the month prior to the onset. However, hours of overtime worked during the week before the onset was 14.3 hours, and the lowest weekly total for any of the four weeks leading up to the onset.
Therefore, this suggests that the mechanism leading to the findings in our study is ‘trinity’ as the progression of three separate factors: hypertension childcare burdens, and hours of overtime spilling over into childcare time. Although our findings involve a case in which hypertension was the underlying disease, this onset pattern may recur in future cases in which young white-collar workers, in pursuit of the ideal work-life balance, face the increased burdens of childcare alongside work; or when women in their child-rearing years face increased workloads following promotion to an administrative position. Since an earlier study appears to indicate that numbers of hours worked is a poor index of cardiovascular health, we will further analyze Victim A’s workload and over-fatigue status.
Key words： Karoh-shogai (over fatigue disorder)； White-collar worker； Overtime work； Left putamen hemorrhaging；Reduced work hours

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