労働科学のバックナンバー
2009/08/10発売号 (85巻3号)
85巻3号

出版社：労働科学研究所
発送予定時期：ご入金確認後 1～2週間
送料：100円 (1500円以上のご購入で送料無料)

現在在庫はありますが、ご入金のタイミングにより品切れとなる場合がございます。万が一品切れの場合は、ご注文はキャンセルし全額ご返金いたしますのでご了承ください。

■労働科学の目次

85巻3号

飯田裕貴子，中村憲司，村田克
分散染色法における浸液の温度とクリソタイルの分散色に関する研究
労働科学，85（3），93～100，（2009）

位相差・分散顕微鏡法においてアスベストを同定する際の浸液の温度は25℃とされている。
そこで標本を顕微鏡で観察したまま放射温度計を用いて浸液の温度を推定する方法について検討したところ，
放射温度計の方向がカバーガラス直上からの傾き30°以下かつ測定距離3cm以下ならば，
0.3℃以下の精度で標本中の浸液の温度推定が可能と考えられた。さらにこの検討結果を利用して，
浸液の温度が25℃±5℃の範囲で変化した場合のクリソタイル試料の分散色の変化を調べた結果，
浸液の温度が25℃±1〜2℃の範囲ならば，JISなどに示された分散色を観察できる可能性が示唆された。
また25℃から±5℃以上変動するような環境では，異なる分散色が観察される可能性があると考えられた。（図６，表２）（自抄）
キーワード：位相差・分散顕微鏡法；分散染色法；石綿；分散色；温度

Yukiko IIDA, Kenji NAKAMURA, Masaru MURATA
On the Specimen’s Temperature and Dispersion Staining Colors of Chrysotile in the Dispersion Staining method with a Phase Contrast Microscope
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（3），93～100，（2009）

The dispersion staining method using a phase contrast microscope has recently been more
popular for the identification of asbestos in this country. Dispersion staining
produces its color by virtue of the dispersion of the refractive index of a given
particle as it relates to the dispersion of the refractive index of the mounting liquid.
Liquids decrease their refractive index as the temperature increases while solid
particles do not practically change their index with the temperature. The temperature of
the mounting liquids is therefore standardized to be set at 25℃ in the dispersion
staining method.

We applied an infrared thermometer, located next to an objective lens, to estimate the
temperature of the refractive index liquid by measuring the temperature of a specimen’s
surface. The appropriate position of the infrared thermometer was decided through
examinations of the temperature difference of the mounting liquid and a specimen’s
surface. The results showed that the difference fell within 0.3℃ with thermometer ’s
distance of less than 3 centimeters from a cover glass and its angle of inclination
within 30° .

By locating an infrared thermometer at the appropriate position to estimate the
temperatures of the refractive index liquid, the temperature changes of the dispersion
staining colors were examined for particles of some chrysotiles. Comparison of the
dispersion staining colors in different temperatures of the mounting liquid led to the
conclusion that the observed colors of the chrysotile particles might be almost the same
as specified in the relevant standards such as JIS at about 23℃-27℃ of the refractive
index liquid. But we also concluded that deviation over 5℃ from the standard
temperature of the refractive index liquid would make different colors.

Key Words：Dispersion staining method with a phase contrast microscope；Dispersion
staining method；Asbestos；Dispersion staining color；Temperature

Chalermchai Chaikittiporn, Chompusakdi Pulket，Vichai Pruktharathikul，Soontree
Umbangtalard
有害物質アクリロニトリル輸送ルートのリスクアセスメント
労働科学，85（3），101～107，（2009）

危険有害物の輸送経路のリスクアセスメントを行い，災害予防の一助とした。アクリロニトリルの陸路での輸送について
従来の輸送経路を代替経路と比較し，災害発生可能性と災害の影響について相対リスクを比較，評価した。
災害発生可能性はタイ交通省ガイドラインとハワードとルーセルのガイドラインを使用した。
災害の影響については世界銀行災害分析モデルを利用し影響範囲と居住人口から人的リスクを評価した。
その他，学校や寺院を利用している住民への影響，環境影響，緊急対応能力，遅延リスク，財産へのリスクを見積もり評価した。
緊急時対応能力を除く全ての要素で代替経路の方がリスクは小さく，代替経路の使用が推奨された。（図１，表４）
（自抄）
キーワード：リスクアセスメント；アクリロニトリル；危険物輸送経路；交通

Chalermchai Chaikittiporn, Chompusakdi Pulket, Vichai Pruktharathikul,
Soontree Oumbangtalard
Risk Assessment of Hazardous Material (Acrylonitrile) Transportation Routes
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（3），101～107，（2009）

The accidents from transportation of hazardous materials often lead to loss of life and
environmental damage. The risk assessment of different transportation routes is
considered to be a method for reducing accidents occurring from transportation. This
research aimed to assess the risks of acrylonitrile transportation routes by comparing
the current route with an alternative one under consideration of accident probability
and its consequences. The Department of Transportation guidelines and the Harwood and
Russell’s guidelines were used to evaluate accident probability, and the consequences
were analyzed by applying the WHAZAN (World Bank Hazard Analysis) model for the
estimation of accident impact areas and by estimating the population size exposed within
impact areas. The results of this study showed that the population risk level of the
acrylonitrile transportation route designated by the plant was greater than that of the
alternative one. The risk of the alternative route was less than that of the current
route. The recommendation of this study is to use the alternative route. Also, the
accident probability and analysis of its consequences indicate the applicability of the
risk assessment protocol.

Key words： Transportation risk analysis；Acrylonitrile；Transportation of hazardous
materials

大西明宏，濱田明美，白土男女幸，久米雅，植村健士，太田達，仲井朝美，芳田哲也
手指の運動および菓子の重量・形状の分析に基づいた京菓子の包餡技術と技能の評価
労働科学，85（3），108～119，（2009）

京菓子の基本技術である包餡（ほうあん）に熟練した職人1名を対象に通常条件と“手に少し力を入れる”
支障条件にて包餡した時の手指の運動と菓子の重量と形状を計測した。その結果，熟練者は条件によらず
目標値どおりに成形していた。また手指の運動に基づき分析した包餡工程は，第1相から第2相は生地で餡を包み，
第3相と第4相は形状を均一かつ表面を滑らかにする4相から構成されることが明らかとなった。
各相の包餡時間は条件による差が少なかったが，第4相のみ支障条件が通常条件よりも約2倍長かったことから，
この相は形状を均一かつ表面が滑らかに成形する重要な役割があると示唆された。
本研究で明らかとなった精巧に包餡する熟練した技術・技能は後継者育成を目的とする現場での指導に活用できると考えられる。（図７，表４）
（自抄）
キーワード；京菓子：伝統技能：熟練者：動作分析

Akihiro OHNISHI, Akemi HAMADA, Minayuki SHIRATO, Masashi KUME,
Kenji UEMURA, Toru OHTA, Asami NAKAI, Tetsuya YOSHIDA
Evaluation of the Techniques and Skills of Making “Kyo-Gashi” Sweets
by Analyzing Finger Motions and the Weight and Forms of Sweets
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（3），108～119，（2009）

The aim of this study was to express concretely the making techniques of traditional
“Kyo-gashi” sweets in Japan. In addition, we tried to evaluate the “Kyo-gashi”
expert’s making skills by setting up two conditions; making sweets applying a normal
method and making sweets applying a hindrance method exerting slightly more pressure
with both the hands. A motion capture system was used to measure the finger motions
during making sweets, moreover weight, height and forms of sweets were determined by
means of a digital scale, a gauge and a ruler.

First, the making process of sweets was divided into four phases corresponding to the
roles of forming. The left index finger repeated flexions / extensions that rolled out
materials repeatedly in phase 1 and 2 in both these conditions, and then the shape of
sweets were formed uniformly with smooth surfaces in phase 3 and 4. Therefore, the
making processes of sweets were analyzed based on four phases. The duration of each
phase was similar between phase 1 to phase 3 in both conditions, but the duration of
phase 4 due to the need to form more uniformly in the hindrance condition was around two
seconds longer than that in the normal condition significantly. The rolling time of
phase 2 was less than that of phase 1 in both conditions, but the rolling time of phase
1 in the hindrance condition was less than that in the normal condition. As for the
finger motion, the values of the maximum flexion angle in phase 1 were extended about
ten degrees in the hindrance condition.

From these results, sweets were formed according to the desired value even if it was
difficult for the expert to make sweets in the hindrance condition that required a
slightly more pressure with both hands. In particular, it was considered that phase 4
for performing the last finish forming seemed to play the most important role for making
sweets. These results agreed with the view of experimental participant.

The results revealed the specific making method of sweets that reflected the expert’s
techniques and skills. To contribute to the “Kyo-gashi” sweets industry, the findings
of this study might be useful for providing instruction data when the experts teach
their own techniques and skills effectively.

Key Words；Kyo-gashi sweets：Traditional skill：Expert：Motion analysis

岩澤聡子，津田洋子，内山隆文，丸山康孝，神田博仁，宮内博幸，森泉哲次，野見山哲生，大前和幸，田中茂
解剖実習におけるホルムアルデヒド曝露防護のための労働衛生保護具（防毒マスクと保護めがね）着用の有効性の検討

労働科学，85（3），120～131，（2009）

系統解剖実習時の作業環境濃度，自覚症状を調査し，曝露実態，症状発生率，保護具有効性を検証した。
対象者は調査協力に同意した50名の某大学医学生であった。呼吸保護具および保護めがねは，1日目は未着用，
2日目は着用とした。作業環境測定法により，ホルムアルデヒドなどを測定した。症状は実習中30分毎に記入させた。
A測定曝露濃度幾何平均値(ppm)は，1日目0.68，2日目0.57であった。保護具未着用及び着用時の自覚症状有訴率は，
「臭気を感じた，不快感，息苦しさ」，「鼻・喉・目の刺激」において，着用で有意に低かった。使用した保護具は，症状軽減に有効であった。
（図３，表４）（自抄）
キーワード：ホルムアルデヒド；防毒マスク；保護めがね；自覚症状；解剖実習

Satoko IWASAWA, Yoko TSUDA, Takafumi UCHIYAMA, Yasutaka MARUYAMA, Hirohito KANDA,
Hiroyuki MIYAUCHI, Tetsuji MORIIZUMI, Tetsuo NOMIYAMA, Kazuyuki OMAE, Shigeru TANAKA
Effectiveness of Wearing Protective Devices (Gas Masks and Eye Protectors) Against
Exposure to Formaldehyde During an Anatomy Lab Course
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（3），120～131，（2009）

Formaldehyde(FA) is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent, irritating odor. There are
many reports that FA causes eye and upper airway discomfort. This study examines the
effectiveness of wearing protective devices (gas masks and eye protectors) against
exposure to FA during an anatomy lab course. The study population was 50 medical
students who agreed with this study. Gas masks and eye protectors were not worn on the
first day, and worn on the second day. We measured FA by means of working environment
measurement and personal monitoring. Adverse health symptoms were reported by a self-
administered questionnaire.

The prevalence rates of those reporting ”smell”, ”annoyed of smell”, ”nose, throat
and eye irritations” and ”breathlessness” were significantly lower in the case of
wearing protective devices than in no-wearing conditions. We observed that wearing
protective devices (gas mask and eye protector) reduced the prevalence of symptoms
during the anatomy lab course.

Key Ｗords：Formaldehyde；Gas mask；Eye protector；Symptoms；Anatomy lab course