労働科学のバックナンバー
2011/02/10発売号 (87巻1号)
87巻1号

出版社：労働科学研究所
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■労働科学の目次

小林謙一
シルバー人材センター女性会員の増強
労働科学，87（1），1～11，（2011）

現在，日本のシルバー人材センターは優に1,000を超えている。1980年に初めて設立された時は90ほどだったが，東京都の職員が失業対策が少なくなった状況に対し，一般の高齢者の短期･臨時の就業を考案したのである。それに対し，政府が対応し，「高年齢雇用法」を立法し，旧労働省の管理のもとに都道府県の市区などのセンターが誕生したのである。
初期には，入会会員の70％以上が男性で，女性は30％未満だったが，数年後には30％以上になった。だが，その後は33％ほどで停滞している。しかし，女性が40％のセンターもあれば，20％台にとどまっているセンターもある。本稿では，東京都のセンターで聞き取りなどをしつつ，両者の差異を明らかにしようとしている。そして，単に女性の増加だけでなく，増強の女性のあり方を考えようとしている。（表2）（自抄）
キーワード：行政；男女の入会率；就業状態；理事会などで活動

Kenichi KOBAYASHI
The Reinforcement of Women Members at Silver Manpower Centers
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，87（1），1～11，（2011）

Members of Silver Manpower Centers (SMCs) in Japan amount to over 700 thousand people. The women members account for a little over 300 thousand people, but never beyond 33% of the total membership. The population of elderly women is more than that of elderly men, but women have the burden of housework and less work experience, which are contributing factors for fewer women members. In addition, SMCs are supervised by the Ministry of Health, Labour and welfare and local administrative organizations However, as SMCs have been established for more than 30 years, senior women have now generally been freed from housework and acquire increased work experience and thus tend expanded desire to apply for membership in SMCs. On the other hand, recognition of public administrations such as the Ministry and local agencies falls behind the times. With a view to exploring the measures to increase membership of elderly women in SMCs, the features of the centers were compared between those which have more than 40% of women members and those with less than 25% of women members. Also interviews were conducted involving senior office personnel about types of jobs and activities on the board of the centers.
Key Words：Public administration；Ratio of male and female members； Work condition； Activities on such as the board of directors

黄河，松田文子，三澤哲夫
中国の金属加工業における労働者の疲労に関する調査研究
労働科学，87（１），12～19，（2011）

中国の金属加工労働者100名を対象に，日本の「蓄積疲労度自己診断チェックリスト」「自覚症しらべ」等を用いて疲労の状況を調査した。結果，調査対象者全体の傾向として，蓄積性疲労が基準値と比べてやや高いことが伺えた。自覚的な疲労感としては，上肢と下肢に訴えが集中していることが分かった。調査対象者の6割以上が「休み時間が短い」「休憩施設が無い」などの理由で，「昼休みで十分な休みがとれない」と回答し，７割以上が，昨年1年間で，風邪，腰痛などの病気したことも分かった。残業に関しては，「仕事の量が多い」「仕事が急に入ってくる」等の理由で，８割が日常的に経験していた。本研究では，労働者の健康を守るために，労働時間の短縮とともに，労働環境や人間工学的条件の改善が必要であることを明らかした。（表1，図4）（自抄）
キーワード：蓄積疲労度；自覚症しらべ；身体疲労部位；労働時間；改善

He HUANG, Fumiko MATSUDA , Tetsuo MISAWA
Fatigue of Workers in a Machinery Manufacturer in China
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，87（1），12～19，（2011）

Since China is a major manufacturing country, it is important to ensure its workers’ safety and health. In order to evaluate the industrial fatigue and health conditions of the workers, a study was carried out in a machinery manufacturer in Wuxi, China. Questionnaires were distributed to 100 workers and 95 replies were collected. The participants covered four different types of jobs. The content of the questionnaires included daily life and working hours, level of cumulative fatigue, subjective feelings of fatigue symptoms, local physical fatigue symptoms and so on.
The results showed that the level of cumulative fatigue among the subjects was so high. The Subjective Feelings of Fatigue Symptoms scores increased with time, especially in dulness and blurness. The results of the Local Physical Fatigue Symptoms showed that although the tired parts varied by job types and changed over time, the“upper limbs” and “lower limbs” were the most frequently mentioned parts among all the workers. The results about working hours showed that eighty percent of the subjects had to work overtime because of the heavy workload or unexpected events. Thirty-five percent of the workers responded that the duration of overtime work was over 40 hours per month with more than half of them working on weekends or holidays. Sixty-six percent of the surveyed workers reported poor rest quality during lunch breaks due to short duration and lack of resting facilities. Answers collected from the questionnaire also showed that seventy-five percent of the subjects suffered from diseases last year，such as cold, strains , lumbago, digestive illness and so on.
The results of the current study showed that long working hours, lack of rest and insufficient breaks worsened the industrial fatigue of workers; often leading to illness. In order to secure the health of workers, it is necessary for the manufacturer to shorten working hours and improve the working environment and ergonomic conditions.
Key words：Cumulative fatigue; Subjective Feelings of Fatigue Symptoms; Physical
Local Fatigue Symptoms; Working hours; Work improvement

堀口俊一，寺本敬子，西尾久英，林千代
「児科雑誌」に発表された仮称所謂脳膜炎（鉛毒性脳症）に関する研究の足跡（4）高洲謙一郎その他による平井の鉛毒説に対する疑義
労働科学，87（１），20～35，（2011）

平井毓太郎教授は，仮称所謂脳膜炎の本態が白粉中に含まれる鉛に起因する鉛中毒であることを1923年に「児科雑誌」上で明らかにした。その後多数の研究が発表され，大方は平井の説を支持した。ただ何人かの学者は鉛中毒説に疑義を呈し，前報で大久保による亜鉛中毒説を紹介した。今回は高洲謙一郎等による疑義を紹介する。高洲の疑義は鉛中毒説に全面的に否定的である。谷保平，唐沢光徳，長濱宗佶の三氏は鉛の他の要因の存在，鑑別法の規定の要望，病理学的にみた脳病変の相異点などを指摘した。平井はこれらの疑義に対して，殊に高洲の三編に対して懇切な解釈を以って応答し，鉛中毒説は確立した。（表1，写真2）（自抄）
キーワード：仮称所謂脳膜炎；鉛毒性脳症；鉛毒説に対する疑義；高洲謙一郎；児科雑誌

Shun’ichi HORIGUCHI,Keiko TERAMOTO,Hisahide NISHIO,Chiyo HAYASHI
Questions about Hirai’s Lead-poisoning Theory of So-called Meningitis in Infancy (Lead Encephalopathy) Presented by Kenichiro Takasu and Others Published in Acta Paediatrica Japonica
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，87（1），20～35，（2011）

We have sketched the history of lead-poisoning in Japanese children in the serial form in the Journal of Science of Labour. In 1923, Professor Ikutaro Hirai firstly reported in a pediatric journal, Acta Paediatrica Japonica, that the so-called meningitis in infancy (SCMI) was a chronic lead-poisoning disease caused by white lead in the mothers’ face powder. Many studies on SCMI have been published since 1923. Although the majority of the researchers supported Hirai’s theory, some insisted that SCMI was not a chronic lead-poisoning disease and/or that other factors in the face powder might cause SCMI. The outline of the zinc-poisoning theory, advocated by Naomutsu Okubo who did not accept Hirai’s theory, was given in the previous article in the Journal of Science of Labour. In this article, we examined the questions presented by Kenichiro Takasu, Yasuhei Tani, Mitsunori Karasawa and Muneyoshi Nagahama about the lead-poisoning theory. Takasu did not accept the Hirai’s lead?poisoning theory. Tani, Karasawa and Nagahama suggested the difficulty in differential diagnosis of SCMI and chronic lead-poisoning disease, the presence of other candidate factors causing SCMI, inconsistent pathological findings of the brain, etc. Professor Hirai answered in detail to these questions or comments, especially to the questions in the three articles of Takasu, which will be discussed in the next article. After such a fierce controversy, the chronic lead-poisoning was established as the cause of SCMI.
Key Words: So-called meningitis named tentatively; Lead encephalopathy; Questions
about Hirai’s lead poisoning theory; Kenichiro Takagi; “Zika-zasshi” (ActaPaediatrica Japonica)