労働科学のバックナンバー
2011/08/10発売号 (87巻3号)
87巻3号

出版社：労働科学研究所
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■労働科学の目次

福原驍，金原清之，辻克彦
二連吹出し口を有するプッシュプルブース内の流れ
労働科学，87（3），89～98，（2011）

排風機のみを使用する水平流による密閉式プッシュプル型換気装置のブース内は局所排気装置であるブース式フードの内部にほかならない。作業者が気流を背後から受けながら有害物を取り扱っているので，作業者の下流の逆流が生じることにとって作業者呼吸域が有害物に曝露されることになる。そこで，天井面に作業者呼吸用の吹出し口と作業台の汚染物対策用の補助的な吹出し口を設けた二連吹出し口を有するプッシュプルブースの有効性を調べた。吹出し口から空気を供給しなければブース式フードを想定した場合と吹出し口から供給したプッシュプルブースの場合でのブース内流れをタフトを用いた可視化実験と数値シミュレーションによって比較検討した。（図11）（自抄）
キーワード：プッシュプルブース；局所排気装置；呼吸域；タフト法；
数値シミュレーション

Isamu FUKUHARA, Kiyoyuki KANEHARA , Katsuhiko TSUJI
Air Flow in a Push-Pull Type Booth Equipped with Two Blowing Openings
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，87（3），89～98，（2011）

The inside of a push-pull type booth using only an exhaust fan to generate horizontal air flow is the same as the inside of a booth type hood functioning as a local exhaust system. A worker dealing with a contaminant in the booth suffers an air current from his back, and the worker is exposed to the contaminated air by generating a wake around his breathing zone. We investigated the effectiveness of a push-pull type booth, in supplying air to a worker and a worktable. In this paper, the push-pull type booth was equipped with two blowing openings on the ceiling in the booth. One opening was for the worker’s breath, and the other auxiliary opening was for eliminating the contaminated air. Booth types of hood can be assumed to be a push-pull type booth without supplying air from the openings. We examined both flows in the push-pull type booth and the booth type hood by visualization experiments and numerical simulation. The results showed that the push-pull type booth was effective for adequately supplying air to the worker.
Key Words: Push-pull type booth; Local exhaust system; Breathing zone;Tuft method; Numerical simulation

酒井一博，毛利一平，奥村元子，小川忍
日本看護協会「時間外労働および夜勤・交代制勤務に関する実態調査」の自由意見欄に記載された看護師の労働・生活条件に関する訴えと改善要求
労働科学，87（3），99～115，（2011）

病院に勤務する看護師1万名を対象に「時間外労働と夜勤交代制勤務実態に関するアンケート調査」を実施したところ，3,010名からの有効回答を得た。この調査票には自由意見の記入欄を設けたが，2,120名（回答者の70.4％）から看護労働ならびに交代勤務，時間外勤務のあり方，勤務に伴う心身の疲労状況と対処，医療安全状況，さらに医療と労働条件の改善に向けた要望など，多様な意見が示された。
これらの自由意見の分類と分析によって，看護師たちが現状を改革し，よりよい看護労働のつくり込みのために多様な意見をもっていることが明らかとなった。とくに不規則な夜勤勤務に従事しながら，過大な時間外労働を行うことによって，医療安全，過労，ワーク・ライフ・バランスなど，複合的な影響について訴えていた。（図2，表6）（自抄）
キーワード：病院看護師のアンケート調査；自由意見；看護労働の改善要求；医療安全；ワーク・ライフ・バランス

Kazuhiro SAKAI，Ippei MORI，Motoko OKUMURA， Shinobu OGAWA
Ways to Improve Nursing Work as Suggested by Free RemarksWritten by Hospital Nurses in a Questionnaire Survey
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，87（3），99～115，（2011）

A questionnaire survey on overtime work and shift systems was conducted for 10,000 nurses randomly selected from a list of about 530,000 nurses working in hospitals and registered at the Japanese Nursing Association. Valid replies were collected from 3,010 nurses. Of these replies, 2,010 included remarks written in the free remark space of the questionnaire forms. These remarks concerned nursing work being done, overtime work and shift systems, safety in health care, work-life balance and various demands for and experiences in improving health care work and working conditions. By classifying the contents of these remarks, 47 key words were extracted regarding working conditions and occupational safety and health for hospital nurses. The collected remarks were then analyzed by examining how their contents corresponded to these key words.
The results revealed that the nurses had diverse views concerning the ways to reform the existing health care systems and improve their work and working conditions. In particular, the views expressed were characteristically focusing on medical safety, excessive fatigue due to overtime work and work-life balance while engaging in irregular night shifts and excessively doing overtime. Based on the analyzed results of the free remarks, the importance of establishing constructive strategies is highlighted for building supportive policies and systems towards improving the quality of work and life of nurses. The strategies should address the reduction of working time for night workers and the provision of appropriate support measures in accordance with the life stages of nurses. Similarly highlighted is the need to develop practical means for nurses of acquiring health and safety measures and skills in conducting nursing work and life.
It is recommended to analyze the free remarks collected from questionnaire surveys in addition to summarizing the results for structured questions of the questionnaires. As exemplified by the analysis of remarks by nurses, free remarks contained in questionnaire surveys can be utilized as important sources of basic information for promoting the social efforts towards improving the quality of the work and life of the survey participants.
Key Words: A questionnaire survey by hospital nurses；Free remarks；Ways to improve nursing work；Safety in health care；Work-life balance